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Intro to FISMA Certification and Requirements Checklist

Information security is as important to the public sector as it is to the private sector. This is why governments all over the world come up with stringent legislation and commit humongous resources to ensure that their information systems or networks are adequately protected. One such law in the US is the FISMA. So what is FISMA? This post seeks to elucidate more on areas such as FISMA meaning, FISMA requirements, FISMA compliance checklist, and FISMA certification, among others.


What is FISMA?

The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) is a US federal law that provides a framework of guidelines and security standards for the protection of government information and operations. Under FISMA, all federal agencies are required to develop, document, and implement agency-wide information security programs. FISMA was originally passed in 2002 as part of the Electronic Government Act.

FISMA assigns specific responsibilities to federal agencies, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in order to strengthen information security systems. In particular, FISMA requires program officials, and the head of each agency to implement policies and procedures (including annual reviews of information security programs,) for the purpose of cost-effectively reducing information technology security risks to an acceptable level.

The OMB is the agency responsible for final oversight of the FISMA compliance efforts of each agency while the NIST is responsible for developing the standards and policies that agencies use to ensure their systems, applications, and networks remain secure.

FISMA describes the term information security as the protection of information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to provide integrity, confidentiality, and availability.


FISMA Compliance Checklist

The FISMA framework for managing information security must be adopted in all information systems used or operated by a US federal government agency in the executive or legislative branches, or by a contractor or other organization on behalf of a federal agency in those branches.

The NIST has developed the following compliance standards and guidelines for the FISMA framework:


System Risk Categorization

Information systems must be categorized according to their risk levels to ensure that sensitive information and High-Value Asset (HVA) systems get the highest level of security. In other words, the categorization process considers the kind of information contained in or processed by a system, and a particular category determines what security controls are needed for it. Categorization may be “low”, “moderate”, or “high,” depending on the system’s risk level.


Baseline Security Controls

Federal systems must comply with minimum security requirements. The suggested security controls for FISMA compliance are outlined in NIST SP 800-53. Note that FISMA does not require an agency to implement every single control. However, all controls relevant to an agency’s systems and their functions must be implemented.


System Security Plan

Documentation on the baseline controls used to protect a system must be part of a System Security and Privacy Plan (SSPP) that should be updated regularly. The plan includes security policies, the implementation of security controls within the organization, and a roadmap for future security enhancements. It is a key deliverable in the process of getting Authorization to Operate (ATO) for a FISMA system.


Risk Assessment

System risk should be regularly assessed and evaluated to validate existing security controls and also to determine if additional controls are needed. Risk assessments enable the identification of security risks at the organizational, professional, and information system levels.


Annual Security Reviews

To obtain a FISMA certification, program officials and heads of agencies must carry out annual security reviews. FISMA Certification and accreditation are defined in NIST SP 800-37.


Continuous Monitoring

Agencies must monitor FISMA-accredited systems continually in order to identify potential weaknesses. Any changes should be documented in the System Security and Privacy Plan. Continuous monitoring will also ensure that agencies respond quickly to security incidents such as data breaches.


FISMA Compliance Benefits

A number of benefits are derivable from complying with FISMA requirements. Here are some of them:


Assists in Protecting National Security

By strengthening information security systems in federal agencies, FISMA plays an important role in the protection of US national security interests.


Facilitates Constant Monitoring

One of FISMA’s compliance requirements is regular monitoring which ensures that agencies are up to date in terms of awareness about evolving and new security threats and vulnerabilities.


Ensures Prompt Mitigation of Threats

FISMA compliance ensures that security threats are identified and mitigated promptly, thus reducing the risk of data breaches and other security challenges.


Provides Opportunities for Private Sector Organizations

Private companies partnering with federal agencies can also benefit from FISMA compliance since it boosts their credibility and can increase their likelihood of being awarded federal contracts.


FISMA Non-Compliance Penalties

Government agencies or associated private companies that do not comply with FISMA requirements may be penalized in various ways such as:


Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

Non-compliance can translate to cybersecurity threats due to inadequate security infrastructure.


Reduced Federal Funding

Agencies that fail to comply with FISMA requirements may be penalized via a reduction in federal funding which can negatively impact their financial stability.


Invitation to Government Hearings

Government can summon non-compliant organizations to formal hearings where they’ll be mandated to explain their reasons for not complying and the steps they are taking to become compliant.


Censure by the US Congress

Organizations that repeatedly fail to achieve compliance may be censured by the US Congress which can further tarnish their reputation.


Reputation Damage

FISMA non-compliance can damage an organization’s reputation and thus diminish the trust that clients, partners, and the public previously had in the organization.


Loss of Future Contracts

Failure to comply with FISMA can result in the loss of promising federal contracts, meaning reduced business opportunities for the affected organization.


Ensure Easy FISMA Compliance Via the iDox.ai Data Discovery Platform

iDox.ai makes it easier for federal agencies and organizations to meet the complex and often daunting FISMA requirements. We’ve developed a sophisticated data discovery platform that is specially built to ease FISMA compliance challenges while ensuring robust information security practices.

iDox.ai is aware of the unique challenges organizations encounter when trying to become FISMA-compliant. Our comprehensive data discovery platform will streamline your FISMA compliance process, empower you to identify vulnerabilities, protect your sensitive information, and stay many steps ahead of both evolving and new security threats.

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