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PHI vs PII vs PCI – Handling Best Practices and Implications

In an increasingly digitized world, no organization can run away from the obligation to protect the personal information in their possession.

Data protection is especially crucial in healthcare, where the categories of information requiring protection include Protected Health Information (PHI), Personal Identifiable Information (PII), and Payment Card Industry (PCI).


The PHI vs PII vs PCI debate concerns much more than differences in acronyms but also the laws and regulations used to protect each type of information. This article discusses industry best practices and implications for protecting each type of information.


PHI vs PII vs PCI

PHI, PII, and PCI are three types of useful data collected and used by organizations on behalf of the data owners. Each of these has unique features and requirements for protection. However, they are similar in how they are used.


Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

PII is any data that can be used to identify an individual uniquely. It is used across industries, but sensitive versions of it fall into the healthcare sector. Hospitals, insurance companies, and other players in healthcare use PII to deliver more efficient and personalized patient care.

The following are common examples of PII:

●     Full name

●     Social Security Number

●     Address

●     Passport Number

●     Driver’s License

●     Medical record number

●     Email address

●     Biometric data

●     Photos

●     Educational information

●     Financial information

●     Employment information


In the PII vs PHI debate, the former is a smaller part of the latter in healthcare. However, generally, PHI is a subset of PII. All entities covered by HIPAA must implement robust safeguards for PII to protect client information against possible loss.


Protected Health Information (PHI)

PHI is the most used type of personal data. Its protection falls under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It includes any type of personal information that an organization can collect.


The following are the common types of PHI:

●     General PII information

●     Billing information

●     Insurance information

●     Dates of service during health visits

●     Details of health service, including test result

●     Correspondence between patient and provider


As you can see, in the PHI vs PII debate, PHI generally includes PII. Therefore, organizations covered by the HIPAA must consider all information types being collected and retained.


Payment Card Industry (PCI)

In the PHI vs PII vs PCI debate, the Payment Card Industry is a data security standard under the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC). It offers security for card payment information.


The guidelines for protecting PCI fall under the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). PCI is relevant to all industries since it handles payment transactions and all billing forms. It goes beyond protecting payment card data and includes adhering to PCI DSS requirements to prevent unauthorized access, protect sensitive financial information, and maintain customer trust.


PHI vs PII vs PCI – Where Do They Overlap?

There is a clear overlap between PHI and PII. On the other hand, PCI is a standalone type of data. Thus, all PHI can be classified as PII. However, some PII constitutes information from multiple industries and may not fall under PHI. Therefore, the PII and PHI classification depends on the industry in which the information falls.


For example, sensitive information from education and employment falls under PII but not PHI. Common PHI vs PII examples include an individual’s full name, Social Security Number, Driver’s License, etc. All this information is protected under HIPAA.


There’s also an overlap between PCI and PII concerning cardholder names and other cardholder information. Understanding these overlaps is critical in ensuring compliance with safety regulations and enhancing the security of client data.


PHI vs PII vs PCI – Data Protection Best Practices

To protect all data in the PHI, PII, and PCI categories, organizations should stay abreast of the prevailing regulatory environment. Thus, they need to know the provisions of HIPAA, PCI DSS, GDPR, and GLBA. Although set by different regulatory authorities, all these legal provisions deal with the following areas of control:


Governance or Administrative

They define processes to guide organizations in handling PHI, PII, and PCI information. For example, under the PHI HIPAA meaning, organizations may only use the information they collect with consent from the concerned individuals.


Data Management

Data management aims to protect data during its creation, use, and distribution. Users may provide consent on whether they want to opt in or opt out of sharing information with your organization. It also involves how you store the data and how you use it.


General Technology Controls

All the regulations above provide technological controls to protect data and prevent it from getting into the wrong hands. Thus, they define the following aspects:

●     Physical and logical access

●     Incident management

●     Technology change

●     Disaster recovery

●     Business continuity

●     Information security

●     System development lifecycle


How Reliable Software Can Enhance Data Protection Best Practices

iDox.ai, can protect your business against reputational, legal, and financial repercussions. It provides an easy way for users to search for and retrieve sensitive data without exposing it to privacy breaches. You can easily discover, redact, and eliminate sensitive information from your data ecosystem.

 

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